Effect of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Range of Motion in Children with Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Review Article

Document Type : Review article

Authors

Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a dynamic disorder of posture and mobility, being the motor manifestation of non-progressive brain damage (static encephalopathy) sustained during the period of brain growth in the fetal life, infancy or childhood. The topographic classification of CP is hemiplegia, diplegia, and quadriplegia. Diplegia is the most common type (30-40%). The lower extremities are severely involved and the arms are mildly involved. CP is characterized by increased resistance to passive movement due to spasticity. Spasticity leads to muscle contractures and bone deformities as a result of secondary structure changes of the muscles fibers. These changes in fiber bundles and fewer sarcomeres cause a decreased range of motion. Short muscle-tendon units of the hip and knee flexors and ankle plantar-flexors, particularly the bi-articular muscles, contribute to joint contracture and abnormal joint mechanics. Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a popular treatment for myofascial restriction is applied using specially designed instruments to provide a mobilizing effect to soft tissue (e.g., scar tissue, myofascial adhesion) to decrease pain and improve range of motion and function. Tools used for IASTM produce micro-trauma to soft tissue for healing and restoring normal elasticity and function. The goal of this review was to focus on the effects and causes of movement problems in children with diplegic CP and the role of IASTM in managing these problems.

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History

  • Receive Date: 30 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 02 June 2025

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